铁皮石斛人工繁育技术

以铁皮石斛商品瓶苗和盆栽苗茎段为试材,添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA,诱导茎段腋芽、原球茎和不定根,建立再生体系,快速繁殖铁皮石斛组培苗,以期为秦岭淮河一线以北地区人工繁殖铁皮石斛提供参考依据。结果表明:外植体宜采用70%酒精浸泡20 s,0.1%升汞浸泡8 min消毒;MS+6-BA 3.0~5.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1~1.0 mg·L^-1适合腋芽分化和增殖,分化率92%~100%;1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+土豆泥15%适合原球茎诱导增殖,增殖倍数7.7;1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg·L^-1生根率为100%;以松针土移栽,成活率83%。     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪血液指标的影响

选用120头平均体重为(8.1±0.2)kg的PIC断奶仔猪,采用单因素完全随机化试验设计,研究在饲料中添加复合酶对断奶仔猪血液指标的影响。试验共设5个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验期为28 d,分为前期(1～14 d)和后期(15～28 d)两个阶段。结果表明:非淀粉多糖复合酶组能显著提高断奶仔猪前期血糖、总蛋白的含量(P<0.05);提高后期断奶仔猪血糖、总蛋白和免疫球蛋白A的含量(P<0.05),复合酶Ⅱ效果好于复合酶Ⅰ。     

铁皮石斛组培苗耐盐性研究

以铁皮石斛为外植体诱导出愈伤组织后,分别接种到不同盐浓度的愈伤增殖、茎叶分化和生根3种培养基中进行耐盐性筛选,30 d后进行脯氨酸含量测定。结果表明:在培养基中,NaCl浓度在0.2%～1.0%范围内,对铁皮石斛的愈伤增殖、茎叶分化和生根均产生抑制作用,并且盐浓度越高,脯氨酸含量也随之升高,抑制作用越大。盐浓度达0.6%时,愈伤诱导受害明显,脯氨酸含量是对照组的3.60倍;盐浓度高于0.5%时,盐胁迫对不定根和茎叶分化诱导更显著。     

灵芝粗多糖对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用

研究灵芝粗多糖对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。灌胃5周后,剂量组与糖尿病模型对照组的血糖,有显著性差异（p〈O．01）,高剂量组与低剂量组的血糖水平,组间差异显著（p〈0．01）;剂量组小鼠的血清胰岛素值与糖尿病模型对照组比较,显著降低。灵芝粗多糖能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖,并呈现一定的剂量依赖关系,但其降血糖机理不是刺激胰岛素的分泌。     

Deferring flowering of nobile dendrobium hybrids by holding plants under low temperature after vernalization

Orchids are currently the most valuable potted crop in the United States. To date, no studies focused on making possible the year-round greenhouse production of flowering nobile dendrobium orchids. This experiment was aimed at developing a strategy to defer flowering of nobile dendrobium orchids by holding them under low temperature. Mature Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’ and Den. Sea Mary ‘Snow King’ were held at 10 °C for various durations (0, 4, 8, 12 or 16 weeks) after vernalization (4 weeks at 10 °C). Plants were forced in a greenhouse after holding. Time to flower, flower differentiation (flowering node percentage, number of aerial shoot and aborted bud) and flower quality (total flower number, flower diameter, flower number per flowering node and flower longevity) were determined. Increase of low temperature holding duration from 0 to 16 weeks extended time to flower up to 3 months and did not affect parameters of flower except producing larger flowers and reducing flower number per flowering node for Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’. Notably, the flower longevity was not adversely affected. Defoliation was aggravated in Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’ by longer duration of cooling and was considered a detrimental effect of low temperature holding.     

齿瓣石斛栽培基质筛选及其栽培方式研究

通过对齿瓣石斛栽培基质和栽培方式的对比试验研究,结果表明:(1)不同栽培基质中,树皮:苔藓(1:1)中新枝数最多,树皮中枝条生长最好,树皮:锯末:羊粪(5:3:2)中产量最高;(2)不同栽培方式中直立捆绑产量最高.因此在齿瓣石斛生产中宜选择树皮基质和直立捆绑栽培方式.     

杜仲叶酸性多糖提取分离及含量测定

研究杜仲叶酸性多糖的提取分离工艺及其含量测定的简便方法.结果表明,以提取过药用有效成分后的杜仲叶为原料提取酸性多糖的较佳工艺条件是:1.0%的碱水在100 ℃下提取2次,每次2 h;提取液经大孔吸附树脂处理,多次醇沉等步骤分离的酸性多糖含量可达到41.46%.采用DNS法测定杜仲叶酸性多糖含量时水解时间控制在15～20 min,显色反应为10 min,检测波长为492 nm;在试验条件下,葡萄糖浓度在0.20～0.60 mg·mL-1范围内显色灵敏、稳定,线性关系良好;用该法测定杜仲叶渣酸性多糖含量时加样回收率为98.30%,RSD为1.76%;显色溶液在2 h内吸光度值比较稳定,能够完全满足测定工作要求,可以作为实验室测定多糖含量的简便、快捷、有效的方法.     

山茱萸选优初报

山茱萸种内主要经济性状变异较大,进行选优育种有广泛的物质基础。对产量构成因子(单株产果量、单果重、出皮率、抗性等)分别采用绝对和相对标准直接选择的方法,在全省范围内,通过四年选择,选出优树20株。文中报告了综合表型较好的8901,8902,8916,8927,8929,8935,8936,H_3,H_5,H_7等10株优树。     

黑木耳多糖功效与提取方法

叙述了黑木耳的营养成分及其活性成分木耳多糖的功效和现实价值，并总结了木耳多糖目前的提取方法，如热水浸提、酸浸提法、碱浸提法、酶法以及一些现代的提取技术，并加以比较；此外，还借鉴了其他领域的一些新技术，提出了对原料粉末粒度进行超微粉碎以加强多糖的提取得率的提议，并由理论分析其可行性和应用前景。     

Astragalus polysaccharides protects against free fatty acid-induced human vascular endothelial cell dysfunction via AMPK-eNOS pathway

AIM: To study the protective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on free fatty acid-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Cultured HUVECs were divided into control group, APS group [APS (200 mg/L) treated for 24 h], free fatty acid group [free fatty acid (0.25 mmol/L) treated for 24 h], free fatty acid plus APS group [free fatty acid (0.25 mmol/L) and APS (200 mg/L) treated for 24 h], and compound C group [free fatty acid (0.25 mmol/L) and APS (200 mg/L) and AMPK inhibitor compound C (10 μmol/L) treated for 24 h]. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Nitric oxide (NO) content in the medium was determined by nitrate reductase assay. The protein levels of total adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: No significant difference of all indexes between APS group and control group was observed. The cell viability in free fatty acid group decreased significantly compared with control group. The cell viability in free fatty acid plus APS group was significantly improved as compared with free fatty acid group. The cell viability in compound C group was almost the same as that in free fatty acid group. The No content and protein levels of p-AMPK and p-eNOS in free fatty acid group decreased obviously as compared with control group, while the NO content and protein levels of p-AMPK and p-eNOS in free fatty acid plus APS group increased obviously compared with free fatty acid group. No significant difference of the p-AMPK and p-eNOS protein levels between free fatty acid plus APS group and free fatty acid group was observed. No significant difference of the AMPK and eNOS protein levels in all groups was found. CONCLUSION: APS attenuates the free fatty acid-induced injury, and its mechanism is related to the AMPK-eNOS signal pathway.